Gender Inequality in the US

Introduction In the world today, great divides exist based on race, wealth, gender, religion, education and class (Epstein, 2006 p. 1). According to Epstein, gender is the most basic and dominant category in human social life. Epstein further believes that gender divide is the most pronounced in the 21st century.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Gender Inequality in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The gender issue gets complex when one is trying to look at it in an individual basis. Some women’s statuses are determined by their backgrounds and in a number of cases may do better educationally and financially than most women. This more often than not is determined by race nationality or class (Epstein, 2006 p.3). However, when women are looked at as a bloc, they fare badly compared to their male counterparts. Historically, many societies in the world have relegated women to the periphery. Women a re not given a say in any decisions in the society even those that affect them directly. This marginalization has created conflicts and inequalities that promote human suffering (Epstein, 2006 p. 1). Gender inequality has manifested itself in the different levels of society that many scholars worry its entrenchment has almost become permanent. Chauvinistic tendencies exhibited by residents of these particular territories have promoted gender inequalities and the most saddening trend is the apparent acceptance of women of gender inequality as a reality. The United States is one such country that though endowed with huge resources and having some of the world’s strongest and most effective justice systems, continues to exhibit gender inequality to the highest echelons. Of more importance in the enhancement of gender inequality is the role of the media. According to Brasted, gender stereotyping is entrenched inn the media that it has also found its way to children’s progr ams and advertisements (2010, p. 1). The root cause of all the gender inequalities can be attributed to the control of resources or the end result of owning and controlling such resources-money (Sosteric, 2010, p. 1). He adds that money is at the root of all the gender disparities that exits in the world today. Therefore in a country like the US where money means survival, lack of it means one is technically inferior in every sense. Women who cannot earn enough income hence lack enough money to carry out their activities find themselves at the bottom of the gender divide. Social dimension of gender inequality The fact that people of all generations and backgrounds have convinced themselves that, boys are better than girls (Socteric, 2010, par 4). For instance, in china there is a high abortion rate of girls compared to boys. In an effort to conform to the one child policy, couples abort female children in favor of the males.Advertising Looking for term paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There happens to be stereotyping for instance in the US society where boys are brought up to think they are the ones to play with trains while girls play with dolls. Boys too are socialized to behave as the stronger sex, while girls should behave as the weaker sex, boys are taught to behave like breadwinners while girls internalize themselves as nurturers (Sosteric, 2010 par 4). Such kind thinking reinforces stereotype thinking and makes the justification for gender inequality, exclusion and oppression. The inequalities continue to adulthood where women who are naturally disadvantaged because of giving birth are expected to make sacrifices that derail their development through out their life and hinder their full participation in development. Women take more than five years off their work to raise children and after it is done they suffer broken marriages leaving them vulnerable and almost with footi ng in life (Sosteric, 2010 par. 5). Women too suffer from violence and abuse more often than men. Sosteric concludes that all women therefore are born with a social as well as an economic handicap which becomes more pronounced as they grow. Situation in the US Despite it being the strongest in economic terms, the United States is still fairs poorly in gender terms. In the gender gap, the World Economic Forum ranks the country as 31, far below its peers who posses the same economic might that it has. Though it’s very different from the way it was in 1964 when the civil rights act that outlawed all forms of discrimination including that based on sex, a close examination of inequality in the United States reveals stark reminders that the country is not as equitable as it should be (Gaddis, 2007 p. 1). Gender inequality has manifested itself in employment, education and political empowerment. According to Gaddis, females have made considerable progress in the 21st century especia lly in education but in other areas such as income and political representation, they still lag behind. Education The gender gap in the US education systems seems to have narrowed greatly. But, that is not to say that there still needs to be more to be done. Actually, up to high school study level the difference has only reduced significantly. Still in college, women joining to pursue their bachelors and those that are graduating are less than men though slightly.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Gender Inequality in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance in the 2000 census, statistics showed that women and men graduated from highs school at the same rate. However, disparity began showing in the rates of graduation where the rate of graduating girls was 23.7% while that of boys was 27.5% (Gaddis, 2007). It’s a marked improvement considering what the situation was in the 1970’s and 1980’s. Then, slightly over 8% of girls attained bachelor’s degrees compared to 14.2% of boys. The situation is replicated in neighboring Canada where after a long struggles with low numbers of women in education, the tide beginning to turn in their favor (Dermerling, 2010, par 1). Dermerling further says that the number of women now comprising teaching staff in many Canadian colleges has risen thanks to a higher rate in the achievement of bachelors, masters and doctoral degrees by women. The natural constrains described above and the multiplier effects from the historical insubordination of women still play to men’s favor in the attainment of education in the US. Employment and income generation Education, employment, and political participation comprise the most important aspects of gender equality (AK, 2007, par 6). Some scholars argue that employment and political participation of whatever gender are dependent of education. The basic assumption that those t hat are educated find work easily compared to the uneducated. Women, who historically have not had equal access to education as men, therefore find themselves on the receiving end in the employment field. According to Eitzen and Baca-Zinn (as quoted in Sosteric, 2010), women do 60% of the work in workplace but ironically earn ten percent of the income. Sosteric adds that they own only ten percent of land, a resource crucial in wealth creation and enhancement or gender equality. As result they are relegated to pink collar jobs, wallow in less pay and experience less financial stability (Sosteric, 2010 par 8). Despite the improvement in the education of American women, their still is a big gap in the workforce (AK, 2007, par 8). AK sums the situation in the employment of women in the US as follow. In the US most men are chief providers of their families. And, in most cases there are more families with men working while women stay at home to take care of the children. In cases where bo th the man and woman are working, women are likely to be working in part-time jobs and the man, a full time employee. Considering that there are fewer openings for part-time employees and little professional jobs offering part-time work, women are therefore likely to be doing low level part-time jobs compared to men. More disparity can be seen in the cases where both the man and the woman are working fulltime in a professional field. Because the man is likely to be more educated compared to the woman, he is likely to be well paid than the woman.Advertising Looking for term paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gaddis concurs with AK on the employment and income earnings picture of women in the United States. According to the US 2000 census, women who had earned a high school diploma earned less than their male counterparts. The figure stood at $21,963 to 30868 respectively. Women who had bachelor’s degrees did not do better either compared to their male counterparts with the same level of education (Gaddis, 2007 par 15). According to different reports, women who had Bachelor degree were remunerated in 2000 $ 35,000, compared to men who had the same educational level were paid in 2000 $49,982. For whatever reason, the above figures paint a different picture from what the education field suggests. Disparity is apparent in the earnings despite women having the same qualifications as men. The way families fair, is evidence on the earnings success of their sponsor. Single families led by males have record a higher income compared to those that are led by females. According to Gaddis, th e US census report of 2000 found out that 29% of single families led by females live below the poverty line while only 14% of single families led by men live below the poverty line. Political participation Representation in government is one of the clearest indicators in the advancement of women in any society. Women active in government through heading various departments, representatives in the legislature and those that work in government offices represent their participation in government. The United States fair badly in terms of legislature representation of women compared to other countries with the same economic status. Women make up of only 14% of the elective legislative positions in the country while the representation stands at 18% for the UK, 23% for Mexico and 45% for Sweden. It is interesting to note that in the US’s over 200 year history, there has never been a woman president. The highest position that women have held in the US government in history is Secreta ry of State. Hillary Clinton ran a potentially successful bid in 2008 but could not make it to end. It probably a pointer that women are still far from achieving the reality of dominating the political landscape of the US. The irony here however stems from the fact that women comprise of more than fifty percent of the entire world population and especially in the nations described above (Gaddis, 2007, par 20). Conclusion Gender inequality is a diverse topic that can be approached from different perspectives. Many scholars have come up with various explanations to try and explain why it happens even in the face of such advancement and civilization. The Nobel Laureate Gary Becker contends that women’s exclusion from work is a rational choice that women themselves make in order to work at home and free their husbands for paid labor. Many woken advocated however dispute that observation and contend that women’s participation is lacking in different spheres of live due to t he deliberate move by men to exclude them. But questions are raised why women even with the enormous powers that constitutional systems like that of the United States cannot elect fellow women to positions of leadership. References A. K. (2007). Gender Inequality Around the World. The associated Content Lifestyle Journal. Web. Demerling, R. (2010). Where Are All the Women? How Traditional Structures of Academia Hinder Female University Professors. The Socjournal: A new Media Journal of Sociology and Society. Web. Dr. Brasted, M. (2010). Care Bears vs. Transformers: Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements. The Socjournal: A new Media Journal of Sociology and Society. Web. Dr. Sosteric, M. (2010). Gendered Activities, gender difference, gender exclusion. The Socjournal: A new Media Journal of Sociology and Society. Web. Gaddis, R. (2007). Gender Equality in the United States. The associated Content Lifestyle Journal. Web. Epstein, F. C. (2006). Great Divides: The Cultural, Cognitive, and Social Bases of the Global Subordination of Women. American  Sociological Review. Web. This term paper on Gender Inequality in the US was written and submitted by user Yoselin Case to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

5 Ways to Repair Misused Em Dashes

5 Ways to Repair Misused Em Dashes 5 Ways to Repair Misused Em Dashes 5 Ways to Repair Misused Em Dashes By Mark Nichol Em dashes are handy little items for setting phrases apart for special attention, but be cautious when employing them, because when misused, they can obscure rather than assist in comprehension: 1. â€Å"For the most part, this water comes from aquifers that’s groundwater or from surface waters that is, rivers and lakes.† When em dashes come in pairs, what lies between is a parenthetical digression that merits a more dramatic break than that indicated by a brace of commas or two parentheses. If the parenthetical phrase ends the sentence, however, only a single em dash is needed. But three or more em dashes in one sentence creates an ambivalence in the sentence structure. In this case, it’s better to use parentheses and to avoid mixing em dashes and parentheses for digressions of equal or parallel impact, use them for the second digression as well: â€Å"For the most part, this water comes from aquifers (that’s groundwater) or from surface waters (that is, rivers and lakes).† 2. â€Å"Her recent roles have shown her interest and her ability to go beyond the usual popular movie.† Be careful that when a phrase is parenthesized, what precedes and follows it is grammatically sound: â€Å"Her recent roles have shown her interest in going and her ability to go beyond the usual popular movie.† 3. â€Å"The collapses could play out in the seven states that rely on the Colorado River and its tributaries Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming as ever-increasing water use, ever-growing population and a changing climate shrink the flow.† If the parenthetical delineates a list or the parts of a whole, as here, the opening em dash should immediate follow the whole: â€Å"The collapses could play out in the seven states Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming that rely on the Colorado River and its tributaries as ever-increasing water use, ever-growing population and a changing climate shrink the flow.† (Otherwise, the sentence identifies the states as tributaries.) 4. â€Å"There may be a decrease in prices- but incomes are rising- so that outcome may not happen.† When you use an em dash, you should know what you’re getting yourself into. In this sentence, the writer meant to set off the entire second clause, not just the parenthetical, which is bereft without the phrase following the second em dash: â€Å"There may be a decrease in prices- but incomes are rising, so that outcome may not happen.† 5. â€Å"Maybe it’s just because no matter how many people have been through here the space remains the same, seemingly untouched by human hands.† By the same token, many sentences simply don’t merit even a single em dash there’s nothing to mark off for emphasis. Perhaps the writer meant to place the em dash in lieu of the comma after same, rather than the one following here, but commas suffice in both positions: â€Å"Maybe it’s just because no matter how many people have been through here, the space remains the same, seemingly untouched by human hands.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)15 Great Word GamesEducational vs. Educative

Develop a well supported suggestion for an international market entry Essay

Develop a well supported suggestion for an international market entry strategy for a company (MNE) of your choice. Support the a - Essay Example There are a number of factors that has influenced the firm to opt for internationalization. These factors include both pull and push factors. The push factors include the saturated local market, matured economy, high capital gain from the local market (UK market). The pull factors would include the degree of foreign market attractiveness, opportunity for quality production at a relatively low cost and the opportunity to attain economies of scale. Hereby it is to be added that all the pull factors have been mentioned by keeping China in the focal point of interest as the country is the target market. The details would be provided in the latter half of the study (Czinzota, Ronkainen, Moffett, Marinova and Marinov, 2009, pp. 423-429). Justifying the choice of the host country PESTEL Analysis Political Factors: During the early 80’s China had a closed economic policy and there was very little encouragement on the part of the government in terms of the investments to be made by the international companies. But things changed as the government focused on the educational policies which lead to an increase in number of the skilled workers in the country. But, there were not enough job opportunities for the skilled workers (Henry, 2008, p. 89). ... As far as retail industry is concerned, the government is looking to shut down the traditional wet shops to promote organized retailing (Kolb, 2008, p. 92). The main objective is to create a network of chain of retail markets in the eastern provinces of the country. The efforts of the government are also paying off as retail has become of the most important industries in the country. As on 2009, the country had total of thirty five retailers out of the top fifty retailers in the world. The ministry of commerce provided approval to more than one thousand retailers in the country with a contractual FDI of $1.9 billion in the year 2005 (Brown, 2009, p. 209). Economic Factors: Due to the new revised policies the country witnessed a rise in the GDP. The GDP in the year 2009 was 335,353 million. This meant that there had been a 7% rise as compared to the last year. Another noticeable factor has been the per capita rise in the net income of the rural households of the country which was 5153 Yuan at the end of 2009. This meant an overall 8.5% increase. The rise in the per capita income acted as the boost towards disposable income of the people which witnessed a percentage growth by 9.8%. It clearly shows the fast paced economic progress of the country. Social Factors: Tesco’s the main focal point in the social factors would be the cross cultural difference of the people of the country. The Chinese culture is diverse and is totally different from that of the Western culture. However the shifts in the economy of the country led to a rise in the disposable income of the people of the country and as a result the mindset and the lifestyle of the people improved. The shift in the consumer behavior is a welcoming sign for the

What I have learned from the study of Metaphysics Dissertation

What I have learned from the study of Metaphysics - Dissertation Example Before embarking on my journey of discovery in the study of metaphysics I was not very sure what to expect. I knew that it would give me an opportunity to explore new avenues, and I hoped that I would grow in maturity and understand more about life,but beyond that my expectations were quite vague. My first impression of the course was shock. I was surprised at the daunting list of books and articles that I was expected to read and understand. Somehow I had thought that there would be more thinking for myself and less reading of the work of other people. With practice, however, I have come to appreciate that a lot of time can be saved by learning what other people have thought about in the many centuries before it was my time to be on this planet. The best human minds of the past have taken the trouble to leave their insights for future generations, and this is a great gift. It took quite a long time, however, for me to learn how to make best use of this gift, so that it would have re al meaning in my life, and not just be a collection of titles on a shelf. One discovery which has been very important for me has been the realization that thought lies at the heart of our lives. When I was reading As a Man Thinketh by James Allen it was as if a curtain opened, and some things which I had sensed from a distance, suddenly became sharp and clear. I had already been quite familiar with the destructive effect that negative thoughts had been having on my life, and it has been a struggle sometimes to overcome fear and even panic. This text taught me that what goes on inside my head can also have good and positive effects, so long as I learn to channel the positive things in the world and have courage to take responsibility and control for my own actions, while leaving the things I cannot change to exist as they are. Most of the things that people are afraid of are due to bad experiences in the past, or stress in the present, and it was a valuable lesson for me to discover that mental attitude can have a big influence on shaping the way that the future unfolds. Reading a book such as The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ by Levi H. Dowling was an interesting experience for me, because it raised all sorts of questions about the sources that underpin most of the modern denominations of Christianity, and the different branches of Judaism, Islam and other world religions. I was intrigued, but not was entirely convinced by the authenticity of this material, but it caused me to wonder about how the scriptures that modern Christians use came to be in the form that they are. It was clear to me that large sections of the life of Jesus were not recorded there, and this means that the record has gaps. The missing teenage years are possibly very relevant to today’s world, but the traditional texts do not include them. I reflected on the combination of written texts, religious practices and personal experience of God that makes up modern Christianity, and this gave me a deeper understanding of how and why differences arise in the way that particular groups choose to live out their faith. Emphasis on one or other aspect can change the whole style of a religious group, and even cause major difference in items of doctrine. In the past I have been perplexed by this, but now I can see that it is very human for variations to creep in, and for multiple paths to be formed, leading in the same general direction. I am less worried about minor differences now, and can see that there is something to be gained in an appreciation of different perspectives. I do not think that any one group, or even any one religion, has the complete and absolute truth, and now I can see value in the differences. One thing that I will always be grateful for is the discovery that opening the mind can be a wonderful thing. Instead of looking down on some types of metaphysical belief and activity, like for example some of the more unusual features of â€Å"

Answering Questions about Pioneers of Psychology Term Paper

Answering Questions about Pioneers of Psychology - Term Paper Example Moore (2006) argues that falling of an apple noticed by Newton leads to growth of commonsense psychology which in turn guides us to human psychology. It can be said that observation of free falling apple and formulation of laws of gravity is a reflection of common sense of a great person like Newton. In addition to common sense psychology, Newton has also done an important work regarding color vision which has a great significance in biological psychology and physiology. Freedheim (2003) discusses in his work that Newton was the only physicist who recognized the nature of color. Before and during the time of Newton, there was a great debate that whether light is wave or particle in nature. But Newton supported particle theory about the nature of light. This theory left deep impact on early development of psychology. One can say that Newton based his scientific theories on practical experience of phenomenon. It is known as an empirical approach. This approach was also adopted in psych ology and philosophy due to its fruitful results. Kumar (2002) writing about Newton’s approach says that Lock profoundly admired him and sought to develop such an approach in philosophy which was similar to it. Later on this approach helped psychologists to study human behavior. There is close relation among subjects of social as well as natural sciences. Describing this relationship Bornstein (1984, p. 242) writes â€Å"physics begets bio-chemistry, bio-chemistry begets physiology and physiology begets psychology†. So one can say that physics has great closeness with psychology and laws of motion and gravitation have influenced the subject matter of psychology. Present scholars say that if a child asks about falling of apples or any other similar thing then one can answer him with profound understanding of laws of nature. 2. Errors in Aristotle’s Psychology Aristotle occupies a significant place in different fields, such as literature, philosophy, history and p sychology. As he has contributed in other fields, similarly his prominent work in psychology has attracted the attention of great scholars and psychologists. Many researchers have critically examined and studied Aristotle’s thoughts about the mind of human beings. He has discussed about the soul, human imagination, perception, thinking and desire. Aristotle’ psychology has prominent role in study of soul which is called psuche in Greek language. Aristotle distinguishes between living and non-living things on basis of existence of soul. Aristotle argues that all living things have soul while no-living things do not have this essential element. He further says that due to this important element people grow, digest, breathe and reproduce. He also believes that plants and animals have souls as human beings. Aristotle has further categorized the organisms on basis of their capabilities. In Aristotle’s view plants and animals possess lesser powers of soul while human souls have more powers. Moreover, Aristotle argues that soul cannot live outside the body. Guthrie (1956) explaining this concept of soul says that in Aristotle’s view body is a tool through which soul expresses itself. On the other hand, Aristotle talking about ‘thought’ maintains that it can exist outside the body of a person. When one analyzes psychological works of Aristotle, then many errors become evident. One major criticism

Is Cloning Playing God?

Is Cloning Playing God? Imagine sitting down, all of the sudden, you look to your left, and what do you see. Yourself, as a seven-year-old child, but wait a minute, you are 30 years of age. This child is genetically identical to you, however, his parents are not yours; and although you see many similarities, this child is acting in a way you have never acted. This child as you can see knows more about technology than you did at that age. Why? The answers is simple, this seven-year-old child is growing in a different era an era where technology is necessary. So is this child really your clone or? This child has a different set of parents than you, yet this child does not have one single gene from them. Is it cloning a human being playing God? Scientists have been experimenting with cloning for at least forty years; however, it was not until February 24, 1997 and the news of the successful cloning of Dolly the sheep from mammary cells of an adult sheep, that reaction emerged from around the world. Now a day, we have heard of other animals, such as sheep, mice, cows, pigs, goats, dogs, and cats, as well as other things have been cloned with no condemnation. Conversely, the possibility of human cloning is for most an abomination. The idea of cloning humans has created a mixed of emotions, including confusion in society. Cloning for most of the people, means changing the history of humanity. Even though, Ian William, the Scotland scientist that cloned the sheep, agree to never clone humans, thirty hours after the news of Dolly circle the world, a bill was passed in New York by Legislator, John Marchi, to make human cloning illegal. Furthermore, other scientists, physicians, conservative ministers, and rabbis joined the Thou Shalt Not Clone Humans movement; and among the reasons to banned cloning were the human rights to have a set of biological parents (Pence 23). Almost globally but mostly in the USA and Europe there is a devastating agreement, stating that human cloning is unethical; therefore, it should be prohibited by law. On the other hand, there is not a clear explanation or reasons to explain as to why cloning breaks societys basic moral principles. Answering the how clones are created question can shed a light and might provide a reason in favor or against it. In early 1970s, the breakthrough in medical ethics (bioethics) has attracted many philosophers because it seems to help answer questions about the beginning and end of life, which is something that philosophers have continually thought about. Modern science and technology continue to raise new questions of morality, death, and new ways of reproducing the human kind. On the other hand, philosophy is about questioning assumptions. The status quo has dictated that is unthinkable to clone humans. To which philosophy responds: Unthinkable? Let us think about that (Pence 35) . Creating a human through cloning is very different from creating humans through in vitro or IVF (under glass fertilization). Cloning is considered asexual reproduction because unlike the other two methods mentioned where an individual is created from two different sets of 23 chromosomes, the individual created through cloning would have the same 46 chromosomes as the donor. Cloning implies the removal of the nucleus of an oocyte (egg) and introducing the donors nucleus. Keeping in mind that a nucleus is what holds genetic data; and by removing the original nucleus and inserting the donor, this process creates a new artificial cell with the potential to be used to develop a new human being (clone). Scientists would have to biochemically manipulate the process in order for the cell body (oocyte) to accept the new nucleus. After this process is of reproductive cloning is completed in a laboratory setting, this oocyte has to then be implanted in a womans uterus for the embryo to fully de velop (Pence 15). In the natural creation of a human being, the oocyte (from the female) and the sperm (from a male) unite in a process called fertilization. Each the oocyte and the sperm have a nucleus, which hold genetic data from each one of the parents. Unlike cloning, there is no separation or removal of the oocytes nucleus, thus, creating a new and unique human being, with a different genotype. Another subject for discussion is the idea of utilizing artificial uterus to grow these embryos; thus, denying the fetus of bonding with the mother. Then again, a clone would not be considered human, unless a real flesh-and blood female gestate such embryo (Tannert 238). On another matter, humans already produce natural clones. Monozygotic twins are the natural production humans trough the same fertilized cell. The division of the cell into two genetically identical individuals is considered normal but rarely; and although identical, they are not flawless copies. Furthermore, they are still the product of a natural process of fertilization and mutation and not cloning or biochemically manipulation. Therefore, the genetic material has gone through an intertwine process to create a new genotype ( (Tannert 239). Alternatively, an embryo produced in a laboratory, has been artificially constructed by human action. A manipulation that might grow up into a human, but considered an object. There are no possibilities of random mutation, as in the monozygotic twins, because to be considered a clone, it has to be genetically identical to the donor. Therefore, the argument becomes one of ethical evaluation giving a point to a legal ban on reproductive human cloning because we must not enforce ones genetic identity to another individual. Humans for the most part strive for autonomy; and so, by cloning we are restricting the cloned individual of some of the basic components of human survival; thus violating what constitutionally guarantee human rights. Whether it is life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, which the US Declaration of Independence lists as the unalienable rights of humankind; whether it is libertà ©, à ©galità ©, fraternità ©, the famous motto of the French revolution; or whether it is the simple and elegant statement that The dignity of man is sacrosanct, the first sentence of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany (Tannert 238). If one uses Immanuel Kant philosophies and adds the science of cloning, cloning uses one persons genetic material (to clone) as a vehicle to achieve the needs of another person (the person cloning). Therefore, one can say that this process is unethical and why it should be forbidden. On the other hand, for example, the first IVF baby born in England in 1978 is a normal woman. At first, the idea of producing humans in a tube was insane because of possible birth defects, since then thousands of kids have been born utilizing this method. The same people arguing against it in the past were the same people arguing against cloning. The National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) has also suggested a federal law to sanction any effort to create a human by cloning. This organization utilized the Americans illogical reservation of human cloning as a motive for a ban. The fears come from fictional movies and novels of human cloning, as well as, not being able to trust scientists. Arguments against human cloning thus far have been based on human emotions and ethics rather than facts. Emotions, however, can change with evidences. Artificial insemination for example, was once looked at as a deviance, now considered a social norm. Also, genetic testing for Down syndrome thro ugh amniocenteses because selection of pregnancy was an option. Cloning can offer some benefits: It can help scientist to comprehend how cells age; it can help with treating mitochondrial DNA diseases; and more importantly can eliminate the use of embryos for research. This could be accomplished by using the de-differentiated cell in the normal stage without fusing them to an egg, to create an embryo for reproductive experiments (Pence 46). There is also Polly the sheep, the first cloned animal to have a human gene in 1997. Polly was able to produce a human protein in the milk; to help individuals, such as hemophiliacs and bone diseases suffers that are not able to produce it. (CNN interactive). With Wilmuts techniques and discoveries, there is the possibility of new therapies to help sick people, for example, the alteration of a gene can help the treatment of cystic fibrosis and the transplant of pigs organs to dying humans could be genetically altered to reduce rejection (Pence 22). Scientists agreed that the possibility of having an identical genetic person is nearly impossible: Even clone cells, with identical set of genes, vary somewhat in shape or coloration. the jump is made from molecules to cells, complexity jumps exponentially because molecules can be combined in thousands upon thousands of ways from cells (Pence 31) Therefore, even if scientists try to play God, the odds of reproducing identical cells are close to zero. People should be given an opportunity to hear both sides of the arguments in favor or against it, and then vote on what they think is correct. The cloning techniques need to be perfected, the odds of a human cloned survival is poor and uncertain; furthermore, no one can guarantee perfect babies with no birth defects, but then again, even though natural fertilization, no one can guarantee a perfect baby. Human cloning it might look like playing God; however, God is a God of perfection, and that is something no human can ever achieve. Every single time the debate comes up-after Ian Wilmuts first cloning experimentations on mammals, after the Raelians claim to have cloned a human being, and in recent times, in the stir of the South Korean cloning scandal-the community, legislators and the media all express a profound apprehension with human cloning (Pence 16).

The Economic and Political Factors Affecting the U.S. Sugar Subsidy Program :: Sugar Subsidy Economics Essays

The Economic and Political Factors Affecting the U.S. Sugar Subsidy Program Graphs Not Available Sugar growers continue to benefit from favorable economic conditions provided by the U.S. government. Yet empirical data reveal a decrease in the aggregate support for sugar legislation in recent years. In 1978, there were 9,187 full or part owners of sugar cane and sugar beet farms, compared to 7,799 farms in 1987. The level of sugar subsidy allocated to the farmers, however, has increased and even favored certain sugar growers disproportionately over others. Such empirical findings suggests that politics, as much as economics, affect the level of sugar subsidy. This paper examines why an increasingly smaller number of sugar farmers receive a steadily larger government subsidy. Mainstream economics cannot explain the unusual linkage between sugar producers and subsidy levels. While traditional, neoclassical economists cultivate elegant models that explain economic phenomena, they fail to characterize correctly the relationship between voters, their elected representatives, and the political institutions which shape the policies. Consequently, an accurate model must combine what we know from mainstream economics and political economy. Before outlining the theoretical framework, however, the following section reviews the history of the sugar subsidy. History of Sugar Subsidy The Jones-Costigan Act, created the modern sugar program as part of the New Deal package of agricultural legislation in 1934. The program included domestic production controls and direct payments to farmers, as well as import restrictions that addressed the declining ratio of farm to non-farm incomes of the preceding decade (Harper, 1990). The first major transformation of the U.S. sugar program resulted from the U.S. trade embargo of Cuba's exports to the U.S. in 1963. Throughout the following years, the United States government imposed a series of price supports, import quotas, and loans to protect U.S. producers from lower-priced foreign grown sugar as well as to encourage domestic production of sugar (Rendelman, 1989). Many farmers in the U.S. began to supplement the dearth of sugar left by the embargo and exploit the "protected market" conditions provided by the U.S. government subsidy. Despite the federal aid granted to sugar growers, not all sectors of agriculture devoted to growing sugar derivatives flourished. Domestic production of sugar cane increased steadily from 1982 onward, while sugar beet production stagnated (Knutson, 1985). Through time, the largest number of sugar beet farmers were concentrated in a specific West/Midwest region of the U.S. (Minnesota, North Dakota, Idaho) while sugar cane farmers were found in the Southeast, specifically Louisiana and Florida.

Copy And Paste The Introduction Essay

1. Copy and paste the introduction to your essay in the space below. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than any city in this nation. 2. Using techniques learned in this lesson, write the conclusion to your essay in the space below. Lastly but not least, I was thinking that when he gets out of jail there will be no racism against other black people in the nation. Now, let’s break your conclusion apart to show the different techniques you used. 3. How did you connect your introduction and your conclusion? (Did you use a similar technique, repetition of a significant word or phrase, etc.?) Explain. I used nation letting the readers know this is all over the United States. 4. Copy and paste the words or sentence that signals closure of your essay. Lastly but not least 5. Copy and paste the sentences that synthesize your ideas. Remember, synthesis combines the main ideas of your essay AND comments on the significance of those ideas. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than any city in this nation. 6. Copy and paste the sentences that answer the question from the prompt: What conclusion or implications can you draw? (It is okay if you have these sentences as a part of your synthesis or challenge to your audience. Include them here as well. It is also okay if these sentences are separate from those two elements.) There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than any city in this nation. 7. Copy and paste the sentences from your conclusion that challenge your audience to think, feel, or do something. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than any city in this nation.

Character of Lady Macbeth Essay

In the course of this essay I will discuss the character of Lady Macbeth and the change in her character throughout the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare. We see her as being ambitious and ruthless at the start. Looking at her and Macbeths character she is the dominant one in the relationship. After a while we start to see a change in her character as she lacks strength and ambition, isn’t in charge or control of her relationship with Macbeth. She is being kept out of new plans in which Macbeth is making decisions alone. Firstly, Lady Macbeth appears in Act 1 Scene 5. She is in her and Macbeth’s castle. She receives a letter from Macbeth and reads it. In this letter, he is telling her about his encounter with the witches. â€Å"They met me in the day of success: And I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge.† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) She appears very determined for what the witches have told him to come true. She hopes the witches prophecy about Macbeth becoming King of Scotland will happen and then for her to be Queen. â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou promised† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) We can see that Lady Macbeth is scared as she says that Macbeth is too kind and loyal to murder to become King. â€Å"Is too full o’ the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way.† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) Also, she talks about Macbeths strong sense of honour and how he’s not the type of man to lie or cheat. â€Å"Thou wouldst thou holily ; wouldst not play false.† (Act1 Scene 5 Lady Macbeth) Lady Macbeth doesn’t want to wait around for her Macbeth to become King to just happen. She wants Macbeth to kill his cousin, the recent King, Duncan, and also anyone else who tries to get in their way. She hopes Macbeth will come home soon so that she can convince him to do anything to become King. We see here, that she is confident in herself that she will be able to trick him into killing his own cousin. â€Å"Hie thee hither that I may pour my spirits in thine ear, and chastise with the valour of my tongue† (Act1 Scene5 Lady Macbeth). A servant then comes to tell her that Macbeth and the other lords are on their way, and Duncan will be spending the night in their castle. Lady Macbeth, straight away, sees this as an opportunity to murder Duncan. She starts to call dark spirits upon her to take away her womanly kindness. â€Å"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts unsex me here† ( Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth). When she finishes calling on the spirits, Macbeth arrives. Lady Macbeth tells him his letter has given hope for their future. She asks when Duncan is leaving and when Macbeth says in the morning, she says he’ll never see tomorrow. â€Å"O, never shall sun that morrow see.† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth – Macbeth). She then tells Macbeth her plan to kill Duncan. She tells Macbeth she will do all the planning. We also see, that Lady Macbeth is ruthless. She will let nothing get in her way of becoming Queen. It shows she is the dominant one in their relationship as she makes all the decisions and plans. We next see Lady Macbeth in Act1 Scene 6. All the lords, Macbeth, Duncan, his two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, Banquo, Lennox, Macduff, Ross and Angus are all at Macbeth’s castle. Lady Macbeth arrives and greets Duncan. â€Å" All our service in every point twice done and then done double, were poor and single business to contend.† (Act1 Scene6, Lady Macbeth – Duncan). Duncan thanks her with a gratitude for letting him stay. He also apologises for the hassle he’s causing her. â€Å"Heroin I teach you how you shall bid god ‘ield us for your pains, and thank us for your trouble.† (Act 1 Scene 6, Duncan – Lady Macbeth) When Duncan meets Lady Macbeth he is humble and generous, thanking her for letting him stay, but he doesn’t know that she is planning to kill him. In this scene , lady Macbeth is seen as the perfect hostess. We see how well she can play casual and switch between high emotion and cool composure. In Act 1 Scene 7, we see her talking with Macbeth, in the castle. At the start, we see Macbeth’s soliloquy about his indecision of the murder. â€Å" If it were ‘tis done, then were well it were done quickly.† (Act 1 Scene 7) Lady Macbeth arrives and Macbeth tells her that he doesn’t want to go ahead with the murder. He has won honour on the battlefield and doesn’t want to kill an innocent. â€Å" We will proceed no further in this business, He hath honoured me of late, and I have bought gold en opinions from all sort of people.† (Act 1 Scene 7, Macbeth – Lady Macbeth). Lady Macbeth seems to be very unimpressed with what Macbeth has said. She then tricks him into continuing on with the murder as she questions his bravery. â€Å" With thou esteems’t the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem.† (Act 1 Scene 7, Lady Macbeth – Macbeth). What she says seem to work. Again in this scene, we see Lady Macbeth as the dominant one. She easily convinces him back into their plan to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth waits in a chamber near Duncan’s bedroom. Macbeth goes off to murder Duncan. Lady Macbeth had got the chamberlains drunk so they wouldn’t see any of the murder. Lady Macbeth says that the chamberlains make a joke of their jobs by falling asleep. â€Å"Do mock their charge with snores, I have dragged their possets.† (Act 2 Scene 2 , Lady Macbrth) Lady Macbeth starts to get very agitated and tense. We first see this when she hears an owl. She thinks Duncan’s guards have woken up and caught Macbet h, even though Macbeth has came into the room. â€Å"My father as he slept, I have done’t- My husband!† (Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth) Macbeth had brought the daggers back with him, the one he killed Duncan, Lady Macbeth sees them and panics. â€Å" Why did you bring these daggers from the place?† (Act 2 Scene 2 , Lady Macbeth – Macbeth). Lady Macbeth has to bring them back to bring them back to the chamber. When she comes back she tells Macbeth that they need to hurry to their bedroom so they don’t get caught. â€Å"I hear a knocking at the south entry, retire we to our chamber.† (Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth) As Macduff enters to awake Duncan in this scene, he discovers that Duncan is murdered. Lady Macbeth enters after hearing the bell ringing. She asks what is happening. â€Å" What’s the business, that such a hideous trumper.† (Act 1 Scene 3, Lady Macbeth – Macduff). Macduff doesn’t want to tell Lady Macbeth what happened , as he thinks she won’t cope . â€Å"O , gentle lady, tis not for you to hear what I can speak† (Act â€Å" Scene 3, Macduff – Lady Macbeth). Lady Macbeth response doesn’t sound very convincing as she replies. â€Å"What, in our house?† (Act 2 Scene 3, Lady Macbeth – Macduff) When Lady Macbeth says he has murdered the chamberlains, Lady Macbeth faints. We don’t know if she’s acting here or being serious. We see irony in this scene, as she is behind the murder but acts as she knows nothing. Lady Macbeth is in the palace and is talking with a servant. She asks the servant if Banquo has left the castle. He tells her that Banquo will be back in the evening. She then tells the servant to ask Macbeth to meet with her as she wants to talk. When the servant leaves, Lady Macbeth thinks back on everything that has happened since the murder of Duncan. â€Å"Nought’s had, all’s spent, where our desire got without content.† (Act 3 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth) In this scene, we see Lady Macbeth as alone. Becoming king and queen, her and Macbeth lost everything. She now appears to be isolated from her husband. All she can do now is gain access to Macbeth by means of a formal request.

Beauty Is All A Girl Needs †English Essay

Beauty Is All A Girl Needs – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Beauty Is All A Girl Needs English Essay In many children stories beauty is a highly emphasized trait. Though it many not seem that way, but in stories like Joseph Jacobs’ â€Å"Catskin† or Grimm’s â€Å"Cinderella† beauty is a major factor behind the events of the story. Both stories basically boil down to, if the girl is beautiful, she is going to be fine. In Grimm’s â€Å"Cinderella† the concept of beauty is what it’s all about. When Cinderella is at her house she wears rags and beat up clothes because she is doing all the house work. She is not beautiful because she has to work. But when she is at the wedding and in her lovely dress, everyone notices her and even the prince himself is impressed. â€Å"Her sister and her step mother had no idea who she was. She looked so beautiful in the dress of gold that they thought she must be the daughter of a foreign king.† (Grimm 119). When she puts on her dress she becomes a totally different person, the kind that isn’t supposed to be cleaning the house. She is so beautiful that the prince then goes a quest to find her again. But because she isn’t wearing the dress he can’t be sure. Her now lack of beauty has caused the prince to go around with her sister. Because Cinderella is back in her rags, she can’t be the one from the wed ding. Without her dress on, she once again changes back into the cleaning lady. When the prince does finally find her, she puts her dress back on and changes back into the â€Å"daughter of a foreign king†. And because she is so beautiful she gets to marry the prince and never have to clean again. She doesn’t get married because she is a nice person, funny or anything other sort of trait a person looks for, it’s simple because she was the most beautiful person at the wedding. Joseph Jacobs’ â€Å"Catskin† the young girl had many fine dresses made for her. When she was looking for work she was the same as Cinderella, she wore her catskin dress so she looked like a cleaning lady. But when a ball comes around she sneaks out and puts on her most lovely dress and impresses everyone with her beauty, including the prince. She does this a second time and â€Å"†¦everyone was surprised at so beautiful a face and a form dressed in so rich and rare a dress†¦.† (Jacobs 124). Once again the theme her is, look the best, then the prince will want you and you will never have to do anything ever again. This theme is condensed into about 2 pages but its still as strong. Before she met the prince she was working in the kitchen. In her catskin no one could she here beauty because of her horrible dressing. â€Å"†¦you go among all the fine lords and ladies with your filthy catskin? A fine figure you’d cut!† (Jacobs 12 3). Proving that in the wrong clothing, she is ugly. If it was not for her stash of great dresses she would have never impressed the prince enough. And because she was the most beautiful and married the prince, â€Å"†¦they lived happy ever afterwards.† (Jacobs 125). Once again stressing that if you look good, bag the rich guy, you are all set. Grimm’s â€Å"Cinderella† and Jacobs’ â€Å"Catskin† both show beyond a doubt, that if the you are beautiful you are all set. Women need not have any other real skills, talents or what have you, so long as they are beautiful. And in today society this idea of being as beautiful as you can is being forced on everyone, everyday. Research Papers on Beauty Is All A Girl Needs - English EssayThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThree Concepts of PsychodynamicStandardized TestingWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to Africa

Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction - Essay Example The Empire needs to fulfill its resources and looking for ways to increase a revenue. Taking into the account that the war and the win were happening in inter-American region, William Pym’s claim seems quietly fair: â€Å"The benefits form the war was mutual, and consequently, the disadvantages should be mutual too† (Pym). It’s most unlikely for colonial opposition to argue Colonies’ duties to the Empire, because there’s no discussion on a fact of taxation. Moreover, Benjamin Franklin stresses that Americans already pays â€Å"many and very heavy taxes† (Franklin). Instead, there’s a controversy about who should have a power to set a needed taxation. In the light of the above, what William Pitt filmily defines due to The Stamp Act as â€Å"the errourness of founding principle† appears to be a concern that taxation is setting by authorities which don’t represent Colonies’ interests (Pitt). From American point of view, The Stamp Act is considered as an imposed issue, a higher hierarchical order which has in mind to tighten the control upon Colonies. To lighten the reasons of such a perception, a historic post- war look should be taken. Acts are coming out while the Great-Britain military presence on American continent, and when setting new duties, military forces can be used for imposing, despite that Benjamin Franklin in his Testimony doubts such an outcome of the case (Franklin). What seems important, along with taxation The Stamp Act doubts authority of American paper based operations. By imposing a stamp paper as the only legitimate one it proclaims above the law any other American stamped operations. In this context Colonies’ concerns on their Rights and Liberties to be encroached reasonably lead to The Stamp Act crisis. Yet, when reading William Pym’s article, no understanding of these concerns from a side of the Crown can be found. Then two most logical explanations can

Generation Z Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Generation Z - Essay Example Concurrently, most of my peers, including me, exemplify the principle of social security through adeptness and acumen on technological gadgets and applications. It is in this particular generation that most of the technological gadgets pertaining to telecommunications abound. When computers were large, bulky and immovable during the times of generation X; personal computers, laptops, and other technology gadgets seem to be produced in portable smaller versions to be pocketed and brought anywhere and everywhere. Peers and friends are seen to exchange and share information on their latest smartphones, iPads (tablets), portable media players (iPods), Kindle, and other digital media gadgets. The members of the previous generation could be oblivious of discerning one version from the other of one particular gadget (smartphones, for instance); yet, to this generation z, recognition of the feature, specifications, and applications of all updated digital media gadgets is natural to us. Thus, possessing one or more of these technological gadgets affirm the principle of social belongingness through proving that their capabilities enable immediate access to our whereabouts, if ever and whenever, needed. Finally, another proof that this generation longs to be part of a social group is the innate desire to become affiliated with peers of similar age groups through sharing similarities in sports activities and entertainment: music, films, and physical fitness programs, on a more global sphere.