The Inequalities of the Social Class in the United States...

What is social class you ask? Social class is a system created to categorize people by education, wealth and heredity. What are the different class systems you ask? There are several class classifications and they’re Upper Class–Elite, Upper Middle Class, Lower Middle Class, Working Class and poor. In the united states and being a victim of â€Å" social class categorizing† is an issue that must be addressed and people must be made aware, because it seems as if it’s not going anywhere anytime soon so the least we can do is try and make it fair as possible. Being defined unknowingly by a class system is one thing, but having no say so or fair opportunity at being placed in the best â€Å"class system† as those more fortunate than others needs to†¦show more content†¦Financial and personal support is needed to educate special needs students, lower class ratio and size, and to support the physical, intellectual, emotional and social developmen t of all students. Schools need full-time nurses, psychologists, counselors and support staff to allow equal access to education and academic success for all students.†(Weisberg) It all starts and ends with supporting financially and personally which people in the upper class have and it’s a major advantage point over people who come from lower class families and if we can get on track and do that I honestly feel like it’s a step in the right direction and will bridge the deficit in the educational gap and make it equal or at least as close as to equal as possible. I personally fall somewhere in between working and upper middle class and I thank God for the blessings in my life for instance if I wasn’t adopted in Marin county who knows what my life would be like ad how and where I’d be placed on the social class scale and how it would effect my education toShow MoreRelatedSocioeconomic Inequality Of The United States882 Words   |  4 Pagesthe poo r in the United States represents roughly 15 percent of the total population (Macionis 2013:41). As of 2012, the poorest 20 percent of the United States only represents 3.8 percent of total income earned (Macionis 2013:35). People do not choose to be poor, and most of those who are impoverished try to overcome this challenge. However, there is a trend that is evident and is continuously noticed in society. Those who live in poverty experience worse health care, education, social status, and wagesRead MoreEssay about Death of the American Dream1042 Words   |  5 Pagesanti-Communism in the 1950s, communism places extreme emphasis on class divisions, specifically the unfair nature of the upper class’ domination of the working class. To admit class divisions was to invite revolution and socialism. So instead, we told ourselves that, in this country, class did not exist; that a free-market capitalist society permits anyone who wants to improve his socioeconomic status to do so. In his essay Class in America: Myths and Realities published in  Re-Reading America CulturalRead MoreEconomic Inequality And Political Inequality1647 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic inequality, also known as income inequality, is the interval between the rich and the poor. Economic inequality refers to how the total wealth in the United States is distributed among people in a social class. It is needed and it is important but due to the major gap difference, it affects the Democratic Party and in addition, it also affects Americans because they do not understand the actual wealth distribution. It is a major issue in the United States because it affects other economicRead MoreIncome Inequality : The Perspectives Of Marx And Weber Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesIncome Inequality in American Society: The Perspectives of Marx and Weber In the United States, income inequality is drawing more and more attention from the media, sociologists, politicians, and everyday citizens like us since the economic difference during the past decades became more pronounced than before. Karl Marx and Max Weber both discussed their ideas of social inequality and addressed the relationship between inequality and social structure as an important theme in their work. This paperRead MoreInequality And Inequality Of Income Distribution988 Words   |  4 PagesInequality of Income Distribution in the United States Today, the average income of the richest 10% is 14 times that of the poorest 10% in the United States. Famous economist Milton Friedman argues that this inequality gap would eventually spur people to work harder and boost productivity. Others, who are not that optimistic, argue that the income inequality leads to a growing level of inequality of opportunity. For that reason, six in 10 Americans now say that only a few people at the top have anRead MoreSocial Inequality Reaction Paper. Yingtian Wang. . The1038 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Inequality Reaction Paper Yingtian Wang The United States is certainly a culturally diverse society, as we live in this world. Age, gender, race, wealth, education and social connection are some of the diverse parts in society that creates stratification. What is social inequality? The short definition is that resources in a society are unevenly distributed according to different â€Å"categories† of people. For example, the wealth distribution in the United States shows that theRead MoreThe American Dream : Dead, Alive, Or On Hold?1430 Words   |  6 PagesAnyone coming or currently living in the United States has a dream, or better yet known as the American Dream. What is the American Dream? Well, Brandon King, author of â€Å"The American Dream: Dead, Alive, or on Hold?† quoted James Truslow Adams, who wrote that the American Dream â€Å"is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability and achievement, regar dless of coral class or circumstances of birth†(610). Everyone’sRead MoreA False Self Portrait Of The United States Of America Essay1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America has been painted as one of the most democratic country in the world. The media, the American people, even the some political scientists like Hartz of Tocqueville have been responsible for painting this self portrait of a democratic, equal, white America in a canvas woven out of fibers made out of just the opposite. This false self-portrait can be demonstrated by the changes American society and economy have undergone, and their impact on today’s politics. These changesRead MoreThroughout the centuries, social class and mobility has always been a big concern for Americans.1100 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the centuries, social class and mobility has always been a big concern for Americans. Today, social mobility has been known to be roughly the same over the past few decades. Social mobility, to begin with, is defined as a movement, either upward or downward, in social class. The social mobility is greatly influenced by the level of openness within a society, in which a person can gain their social status by their own efforts. We often think to ourselves that the United States is a place with aRead MoreInequality Between Poverty And Poverty1139 Words   |  5 Pageslast two decades in ending the terms of inequalities and poverty. Many countries are determined to improve their economy, and become fully developed just like the United States. In my home country, Kuwait, poverty do not exist, however, inequalities do. Some of the countries that have done well in the recent past include China, India, Brazil, and South Korea. However, poverty and inequalities are still being realized in the wealthy nation. Poverty and inequalities in the society are the two main factors

The Structural Strain Theory Has Occurred - 1040 Words

When socially accepted goals cannot be reached through legitimate means, the structural strain theory has occurred. A mismatch that occurs between legitimate means and socially-promoted goals has a typology of responses in the strain theory. Merton’s typology extends the functionalist perspective. He believed that larger deviancy rates were because of social conditions and the varying responses. One of the responses to social strain that accepts legitimate means of pursuing socially-promoted goals is conformity. Another response to social strain is ritualism. People reject or give up the socially-approved goal, but continue pursuing other goals through the same legitimate means (MindEdge, 2015). My cultural goal is earning my degree. I†¦show more content†¦I was proud to show off to all three of my daughters, that at any age, you can go back to school and do something you love. My first certificate was in Dental Assisting. I hated the job after I finished. I felt like I had wasted over a year of my life and money for something I did not like anymore. College is time consuming. You must make time out for your class study and homework time. I was always told if you work hard and get good grades in school that you will get into a good college. I was also told that getting good grades in college, will get you the degree you are seeking and you should be able to get a job anywhere you want. Even if you graduate summa cum laude, you might not be guaranteed a job. If you stay focused on what you want out of your own education and take advantage of any help offered, you may end up working in a field that you will stay in forever. The number one way to reach your college degree goal is by going to college for classes when they are scheduled. If you are not there, you cannot learn anything. I have mostly followed the institutionalized approach of achieving my goal and I have more of a conformist response. I followed my schedules down to the T. Making sure to do the best I could in each class. I tried to never miss a class or most assignments. I did become a little bit of a Ritualist when I hated my first certificate from college. I went down a different path than I had originally chosen. I

Egt Task Free Essays

Although the current Managers are fluent in Korean, it will be important to hire local dialect persons to add to our staff. This will ensure acceptance, communications, and also preventing miss spoken words that me be taken as offensive If not done with the proper tone. Curriculum Instructor certification. We will write a custom essay sample on Egt Task or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since South Korea converted the KIT- Korea Teakwood Escalation In 1954 Into the World Teakwood Federation, the feeling In Korea Is all Black Belts must hold certificates from the WTFO. This may be Just a financial ploy to collect money room those outside Korea, but the perception exists that if you hold a certificate (called a Okinawa Certificate) you are then legitimate regardless of what country you received the certificate, since all Okinawa certificates originate in Seoul, South Korea. All staff who do not currently hold their given Black Belt rank must be certified by the WTFO prior to submitting an application to be an instructor in our Korea Dugong expansion plans. Since no Okinawa officers exist in the united States, all certifications will be done by Head Master Ken Adulated, 6th Degree Black Belt Okinawa holder. Country of Origin of retail goods. Three primary countries manufacture martial arts apparel (uniforms) and sparring gear. These are Japan, China, and South Korea. While Americans are primarily obsessed by price, and seem to disregard country of orally pride, Korea Is the opposite. It will be critical that all uniforms, belts, and sparring gear ONLY come from South Korea manufacturing companies. To offer anything else is potentially offensive, but should these goods come from China or Japan, it would also be a disgrace since both countries attacked Korea in the last century. B. Product The product of Americas Best Teakwood is martial arts lessons. In America, most adults will not allow themselves to stick with a program, and many areas of the program we currently offer need to accommodate the lack of focus for Adult students, and their ability to Justify quitting. Only 1 of 10 Americans (compared to 1 out of 4 Europeans) has attempted to learn martial arts. Of those 33 million, only 10% stay with It beyond 30 days, leaving 3. 3 million. Of those 3. 3 million only 10% will stay with It another 3-6 months quitting Jest as they prepare to test out of novice level. Of the enameling 330,000 who achieve Green belt/beginner Intermediate, only 10% of those will reach beginner advanced, or Brown Belt. We are left with just 33,000 Brown belts, In the USA, all but 10% quit after Just 30 days at Black belt, higher than any other country in the world. About 330 people are left who continue actual Black belt training, only 10% of those achieve Master level in the USA, Just 33 out of 330 million. Moving into Korea, we must modify our program for the long term goals of students. Parents will require their children attend, and they will attend with them, it will be a Emily event, training multiple days per week for 6-10 years or more. It will be important to modify our tuition timeline to not appear to be short sighted Americas with no ling term vision, or they may feel we are looking for short term profit, or will not stay through difficult times. The good news is that Korea has been losing the Gold Medals at the Olympics to other countries and is accepting of Americas teaching teakwood and they have fond respect for the Lopez family of Houston Texas, multiple Gold Medal winners. We will leverage our affiliation with the Amateur Athletic Union with Coach Lopez. We will use this for credibility but not for promoting an American Agency. 82. Price: Tuition pricing in America is structured around making it easy to quit, monthly pricing is not as important as not needing to make any commitment. In Korea it will be the opposite. Students will not mind signing non cancel agreements paid in full for 6 years as long as the rates are fair. For Korea the pricing will be a base of $900. 00 per year, for 4 classes per week, 2 hours per class, we expect class sizes to be 50-150 per class. In America our current pricing is $200. 0 per month, month to month, 2 classes per week, 50 minutes per class. Koreans will look at price per hour over the long term, wanting the most hours per week at the lowest rate with a long term commitment; Americas want to know how cheaply they can Join, and how easily they can quit, more like leasing a car. 83 Promotion: In America martial arts lessons are promoted in a disposable product manner, viewed like a 6 pack of Coke. Coupon driven society demands a call to action for a discount. Teachers are held in higher regards in Korea and it would be a disgrace to offer discounts, promotions, or marketing fluff. The Koreans will want endorsements from martial arts organizations and to see community service done by the staff. When they see us in public, they will approach us, but the Koreans will be completely turned off if the go to corner market and see â€Å"one month of lessons and a free uniform for 19. 99†³Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Word of mouth and grassroots promotion only in Korea. BE Place: 52 million people actively practice Tea Swoon Do globally; it is the most popular martial art. Korea in the past has not been accepting of foreign companies opening Dugongs in Korea, but the loss of first place in the last 3 Olympics has changed this. The OIC, International Olympic Committee has removed Baseball, Hockey, and Wrestling as of late. Talk is they will remove Karate, Judo, or Tea Swoon DO. Koreans national sport is Tea Swoon Do, and they are promising more support and resources. They will do whatever it takes to keep this Olympic Sport status. Allowing Americas Best, a proven Junior Olympic Gold Medal winning organization into Korea and supporting its grassroots movement is a given. C Ethical Issues: to us from Korea. The Koreans have warned us that Americans are viewed as fat, lazy, and abrasive. The example proven to us is Korean infant adoption, only for America do they have a height and weight scale/range for adopting parents from America. 2) Where the money goes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Alt has also been brought to our attention from the WTFO that Koreans will need to see a direct line for their tuition to returning to the community. Unlike Americans who will buy a Toyota or Honda and not inquire where the money goes, the Koreans will need to see proof that some of it stays in the community. Sources: None. How to cite Egt Task, Papers

Advance Reporting for Journal of Financial Research- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdvance Reporting for Journal of Financial Research. Answer: Introduction Ryan air is the largest and low fare airline that is based in Ireland. The company is a public listed company and trades in New York, London and Dublin. Ryan air is committed towards low cost airfare and it is introducing competition for the growing airline market in Europe it has the potential to offer the passengers with the lowest fare in the industry and high efficiency and low cost in the airport. The company started its operation during 1985 and launched 15 flights per day day between London Gatwik Airport Waterford and Turbine support. Despite of being successful, Ryanair is committed to lower airfare, maximization of low fare seats and increasing the service frequency. Direct competitors of the company are various airlines that includes Scandanavian airline, Lufthansa, Alitalia, Air France and Aer Lingus. However, the companys unparalleled low fares, comfortable in-flight service, high frequency, on time flights have helped it to win continuous increase in customer number and supports from them (Ryanair.com 2018). Analysis of financial performance Ratio calculation Ratio Formula 2017 2016 Profitability Ratio Operating profit margin Operating profit / sales *100 23.08 22.34 Net profit margin Net profit / Sales *100 19.79 23.85 Return on capital employed PBIT/ Capital employed * 100 17.09 18.60 Liquidity ratios Current ratio Current assets/Current Liabilities 1.56 1.43 Quick ratio (Current assets -Stock)/ Current liabilities 1.56 1.43 Solvency ratios Debt to equity ratios Total liabilities/Shareholders equity 1.71 2.12 Interest coverage ratio Profit before interest and tax / Interest payable 22.83 20.54 Activity ratios Trade receivable turnover Sales/average accounts receivable 110.43 103.58 Trade payable turnover in days 365 / trade receivable turnover 3.31 3.52 Inventory turnover ratio COGS/average inventory 1426.25 1680.74 Inventory turnover 365/inventory turnover ratio 0.26 0.22 Investment ratio Dividend yield Dividend paid/market price per share * 100 3% 3% Price earnings ratio Market value per share/Earning per share 0.87 0.70 Ratio analysis Profitability ratio Profitability ratios are used to measure the profitability status as well as the performance of the company. It is the ability of the company to earn profit and the term profit states the amount left with the company after deducting all the expenses and costs associated with generating income (Acheampong, Agalega and Shibu 2014). Operating profit margin it indicates the amount of profit available with the company after meeting various production costs like raw materials and wages for the labours. The ratio is also expressed as percentage of the sales and thereafter it reveals the companys efficiency with regard to cost control and expenses related to business (Delen, Kuzey and Uyar 2013). It is observed that the operating profit of the company has been increased from 22.34% to 23.08% over the years from 2016 to 2017. Net profit margin it is the revenue percentage left with the company after deducting all the expenses. It states the profit amount that the business can generate from the sales. It is one of the widely used ratios in finance (Afonso, Baxa and Slavik 2018). Investors closely look at net profit margin as it reveals the efficiency of the company regarding converting the revenue to profits that is available for the shareholders. It is observed that the net profit of the company has been reduced from 23.85% to 19.79% over the years from 2016 to 2017. Return on capital employed this is profitability metric and used to measure the efficiency of the company to generate profits from the employed capital. It reveals the investors that how many dollars the company can earn as profit from each dollar of employed capital (Babalola and Abiola 2013). It is observed that the return on capital employed of the company has been reduced from 18.60% to 17.09% over the years from 2016 to 2017. Liquidity ratio It evaluates the companys ability make payment of the current liabilities when they become due and payment of long-term debt when they become current. It reveals the companys cash levels and the efficiency in converting the assets into cash for paying off the liabilities and various other short-term obligations. Current ratio it is the liquidity ratio and is used to measure the ability of paying off the short term obligations. It is important for measuring the liquidity as the short-term obligations are payable within next 12 months period. Therefore, the company has limited time for raising the fund to pay off the liabilities and have to be paid with the available current assets like cash, trade receivables and the marketable securities. It is identified that the current ratio of the company is in increasing trend and is increased from 1.43 to 1.56 over the years from 2016 to 2017. Quick ratio quick ratio is also used to measure the liquidity of the company. The only difference between current ratio and quick ratio is that the quick ratio while computing the current assets the assets that takes long time to get converted into cash like inventories and prepaid expenses are not taken into consideration. It is identified that the current ratio of the company is in increasing trend and is increased from 1.43 to 1.56 over the years from 2016 to 2017. Solvency ratio This ratio is used to measure the efficiency for meeting the long-term debts. Further, the solvency ratio reveals the companys size for after tax profit and does not take into account the expenses related to non-cash expenses as against the debt obligation of the company. Debt to equity ratio it is the financial ratio that indicates the percentage of shareholders equity and percentage of debt in total assets of the company. This ratio is also known as the leverage or gearing or risk ratio as it is closely related to the leverage of the company. The ratio of less than 1 represents that the portion of debt is lower as compared to equity (Jarrow 2013). On the contrary, the ratio of more than 1 represents that the debt portion is higher than the equity. Looking at the calculation table it is found that the debt to equity ratio of the company for both the years is quite high. However, the position is improved and the company was able to reduce the debt to equity ratio from 2.12 to 1.71 over the years from 2017 to 2016. Interest coverage ratio this financial ratio measures the ability of the company to make payment towards interest on the outstanding debt. Interest coverage ratio is not at all concerned about payment of the principal amount of debt. As an alternative it measures the ability to pay-off the debt interest (Frank and Keith 2016). This ratio is used by the investors and creditors for analysing the risk and profitability of the company. For example, the investor is generally concerned regarding the increase of his investment value. Further, a big part of the appreciation is depended upon the operational efficiencies and profits (Leary and Roberts 2014). It can be seen from the table that the interest coverage ratio of the company over the year from 2016 to 2017 has been increased from 20.54 times to 22.83 times. Activity ratios Activity ratios are the financial analysis that is used for measuring the efficiency of the business for converting capital accounts, liabilities and assets into sales or cash. If the business is able to convert the assets into sales or cash quickly, it will be regarded as more efficient. Trade receivable it is the activity ratio and is used to measure the times that the business can convert its account receivable into cash under a specific period. to be more specific, the accounts receivable ratio computes the times the business can collect the accounts receivable in the year (Zhuo-hua et al. 2015). It states the efficiency with regard to collection of the credit sales from the customers. It can be seen that the trade receivable turnover of the company is increased from 103.58 times to 110.43 times over the period from 2016 to 2017. Further, it can be seen that the company takes on an average 3.52 days and 3.31 days respectively for 2016 and 2017 to collect its receivable from the debtors. Inventory turnover it is the efficiency ratio that states the efficiency with regard to management of inventories for the specific period. In other words, it is used to measure the times the company can sell the inventory amount during specific period. The ratio is crucial as the total turnover is depended upon 2 major components of the performance (Palepu, Healy and Peek 2013). 1st component is the purchase of stock and 2nd component is sales. If large inventories are purchased the company have to sell larger amount for improving the turnover. Further, the sales have to match with the purchase of inventory otherwise it will not turn efficiently. Therefore the sales and purchase department must be correlated with each other (Robinson et al. 2015). It can be seen that the inventory turnover of the company is reduced from 1680.74 times to 1426.25 times over the period from 2016 to 2017. Further, it can be seen that the company takes on an average 0.22 days and 0.26 days respectively f or 2016 and 2017 to sell its inventories. Investment ratio Investment ratios are used to analyse the performance of the companys share. Apart from the shareholders, the investment ratios are important for the potential investors to analyse its sustainability and completion in the industry. Dividend yield it states the percentage of earning that is paid by the company as dividend as compared to the share price. Normally the companies that make profit only pays dividend (Zack 2013). Therefore, the investors consider the company that pay dividend as safe for the purpose of investment. it can be observed from the annual report of the company that the dividend yield of the company both 2016 as well as 2017 is 3%. Price earnings ratio it indicates the amount of dollar an investor can expect to earn from the earning of the company (Briston 2017). Therefore, the P/E ratio sometimes called as the price multiple as it states how much the investor prefers to pay for each dollar of the earnings. The price earnings ratio of the company has been improved and increased from 0.70 to 0.87 over the year from 2016 to 2017. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above calculation and analysis of ratio that though the operating profit of the company has been increased from 22.34 to 23.08 over the years from 2016 to 2017, the net profit margin is reduced from 2.85 to 19.79. The reason behind this is that during 2016 the company received 317.5 million on account of gain from the disposal of the financial assets available for the purpose sale. The solvency position as well as the liquidity position of the company has been improved in the year 2017 as compared to the year 2016. The price earnings ratio of the company is increased from 0.70 to 0.87 and the dividend yield for both the years is same at 3%. Further, the company is efficient with regard to collecting the debts from customers and converting the inventories into sales or cash. Analysis of cash flow, operating profit and earnings per share Particular 2017 2016 Cash flow 1,224 million 1,259.2 million Operating profit 1,534 million 1,460.1 million Earnings per share 105.30 Cents 116.26 Cents Cash flow the cash flow of the company has been reduced from 1,259.2 million to 1,224 million over the year from 2016 to 2017. The reason behind the reduction mainly was increase in the amount of investing activities from 283.6 million to 1,290.8 million over the year from 2016 to 2017 (DeFusco et al. 2015). However, the company was able to reduce the cash used in financing activities from 1488.1 million to 671.6 million over the year from 2016 to 2017. Further, it was able to increase the cash from operating activities from 1846.3 million to 1927.2 million over the year from 2016 to 2017. Therefore, the company is efficient with regard to its cash position for the last 2 years (Ryanair.com 2018). Operating profit the operating profit of the company has been increased from 1460.1 million to 1534 million over the year from 2016 to 2017. The reason behind the decrease is the increase of operating expenses from 5075.7 million to 5113.8 million over the year from 2016 to 2017 (Chandra 2017). Therefore, despite of increase in revenue over the year from 2016 to 2017, owing to increase in the operating expenses the companys operating profit reduced in 2017 as compared to 2016. However, the operating profit margin of the company increased to 23.08% in 2017 from 22.34% in 2016. Therefore, the percentage of increase in revenue was more as compared to percentage of increase in operating expenses (Ryanair.com 2018). Earnings per share the earning per share of the company have been reduced from 116.26 euro cent to 105.30 euro cent over the years from 2016 to 2017. The reason was the reduction of profit from 1,559.1 million to 1,315.9 million over the year from 2016 to 2017 (Ryanair.com 2018). Therefore, the company shall try to minimise its operating expenses to increase the profit which in turn will increase the earning per share (Ogiela 2013). Potential investment review If the return aspect is considered it can be observed that the company is regular in paying dividend to the shareholders and the dividend yield for both 2016 as well as 2017 is 3%. The earnings per share of the company for 2017 are 105.30 cents whereas the market price of the share on closing of the year 2017 was 91.93 per share. Further, as per the chairmans report the company returned more than 1 billion to the shareholders for the year ended 2017 through buyback of shares (Ryanair.com 2018). Further, it approved buyback for 600 million. Moreover, the highlights are Profit after tax went up by 6% to 1.316 billion Average fares reduced by 13% to 41; Unit costs were reduced by 11% Year 3 of our Always Getting Better (AGB) program was smoothly delivered and Year 4 is already been announced 206 new routes were launched and 10 new bases were opened com became no. 1 airline website all over the world (Ryanair.com 2018). Taking into consideration all the above mentioned facts it can be said that the company is a good options for investment. Overall conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that the company have some positive area as well as some negative areas with regard to investment approach. If the return factor is considered, then it can be identified that the company is efficient in creating return from sales as well as creating return for the shareholders. Further, the liquidity position of the company has been improved in 2017 as compared to the year 2016. On the other hand if the risk factor is taken into consideration it can be identified that the company is highly leveraged. Though it has improved its position in 2017 as compared to 2016, the debt portion of the company is still high as compared to equity. If the efficiency factor is taken into consideration it is found that the company is efficient in collecting debts and converting the inventories into sales or cash. Taking into consideration all these factors it can be said that the company is a good options for investment. Reference Acheampong, P., Agalega, E. and Shibu, A.K., 2014. The effect of financial leverage and market size on stock returns on the Ghana Stock Exchange: evidence from selected stocks in the manufacturing sector.International Journal of Financial Research,5(1), p.125. Afonso, A., Baxa, J. and Slavik, M., 2018. Fiscal developments and financial stress: a threshold VAR analysis.Empirical Economics,54(2), pp.395-423. Babalola, Y.A. and Abiola, F.R., 2013. Financial ratio analysis of firms: A tool for decision making.International journal of management sciences,1(4), pp.132-137. Briston, R.J., 2017.The stock exchange and investment analysis(Vol. 3). Routledge. Chandra, P., 2017.Investment analysis and portfolio management. McGraw-Hill Education. DeFusco, R.A., McLeavey, D.W., Pinto, J.E., Anson, M.J. and Runkle, D.E., 2015.Quantitative investment analysis. John Wiley Sons. Delen, D., Kuzey, C. and Uyar, A., 2013. Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), pp.3970-3983. Frank, K.R. and Keith, C.B., 2016.Investment analysis and portfolio management. Jarrow, R., 2013. A leverage ratio rule for capital adequacy.Journal of Banking Finance,37(3), pp.973-976. Leary, M.T. and Roberts, M.R., 2014. Do peer firms affect corporate financial policy?.The Journal of Finance,69(1), pp.139-178. Ogiela, L., 2013. Data management in cognitive financial systems.International Journal of Information Management,33(2), pp.263-270. Palepu, K.G., Healy, P.M. and Peek, E., 2013.Business analysis and valuation: IFRS edition. Cengage Learning. Robinson, T.R., Henry, E., Pirie, W.L. and Broihahn, M.A., 2015.International financial statement analysis. John Wiley Sons. Ryanair.com., 2018. Official Ryanair website | Book direct for the lowest fares | Ryanair.com. [online] Available at: https://www.ryanair.com/gb/en/ [Accessed 6 Apr. 2018]. Zack, G.M., 2013. Financial Statement Analysis.Financial Statement Fraud: Strategies for Detection and Investigation, pp.209-213. Zhuo-hua, Z.H.O.U., Wen-nan, C.H.E.N. and Zong-yi, Z.H.A.N.G., 2015. Application of cluster analysis in stock investment.